Principles of head and neck reconstruction: an algorithm to guide flap selection.

Area of Science:

• Surgical reconstruction
• Head and neck surgery
• Plastic surgery

Background:

• Head and neck defects can result from trauma, cancer, or congenital anomalies.
• Reconstruction aims to restore function (speech, swallowing) and appearance.
• Advances allow for single-stage repairs, improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present an algorithm for selecting appropriate reconstructive flaps.
• To review principles of head and neck reconstruction.
• To discuss secondary surgical procedures for head and neck defects.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on head and neck reconstruction techniques.
• Development of a decision-making algorithm for flap selection.
• Analysis of outcomes associated with different reconstructive methods.

Main Results:

• Single-stage repair is feasible for a wide range of head and neck defects.
• Free tissue transfer generally yields superior functional and aesthetic results.
• Patient factors (wishes, fitness) are crucial in reconstructive decision-making.

Conclusions:

• An algorithmic approach aids in optimal flap selection for head and neck reconstruction.
• Free tissue transfer is a cornerstone for achieving excellent outcomes.
• Comprehensive planning including secondary surgery considerations is vital.