Intraoral reconstruction using local and regional flaps.

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Plastic Surgery
• Head and Neck Reconstruction

Background:

• Intraoral defects require reconstruction to restore form and function.
• Pedicled flaps are a common reconstructive option.
• Choosing the appropriate flap is crucial for successful outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review regional pedicled flaps for intraoral reconstruction.
• To provide guidance on flap selection based on defect characteristics.
• To detail the anatomy, harvesting techniques, indications, and pitfalls of six specific flaps.

Main Methods:

• Review of regional pedicled flaps used in intraoral reconstruction.
• Concise illustration of anatomy for each flap.
• Description of harvesting techniques.
• Discussion of indications and potential pitfalls.

Main Results:

• Six regional pedicled flaps were analyzed: buccal fat pad, facial artery musculomucosal, platysma, pectoralis major, temporalis muscle, and trapezius flaps.
• Key anatomical landmarks, surgical techniques, and clinical applications are presented for each flap.
• Potential complications and limitations associated with each reconstructive option are highlighted.

Conclusions:

• The choice of pedicled flap for intraoral reconstruction is dictated by defect size and location.
• Understanding the nuances of each flap's anatomy, harvesting, and potential pitfalls is essential for optimal functional and aesthetic restoration.
• This review serves as a guide for surgeons selecting flaps to minimize donor site morbidity and maximize reconstructive success.