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Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
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Changes in multifinger interaction and coordination in Parkinson's disease.

Jaebum Park1, Yen-Hsun Wu, Mechelle M Lewis

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|May 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Parkinson's disease impairs finger coordination, leading to weaker multifinger synergies and delayed anticipatory adjustments. These motor control changes are quantifiable even in early stages, highlighting the basal ganglia's role in synergy formation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting motor function.
  • Motor coordination deficits in PD are complex and not fully understood, especially concerning finger interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in finger interaction and multifinger synergies during force production tasks in Parkinson's disease patients.
  • To objectively quantify motor coordination deficits in early-stage PD.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 10 early-stage PD patients with 11 healthy controls performing isometric force production tasks.
  • Analyzed finger forces, unintended force production (enslaving), and synergy indexes during steady-state and cyclic tasks.
  • Assessed anticipatory adjustments of synergies before quick force pulses.

Main Results:

  • PD patients exhibited lower maximal finger forces and increased force enslaving.
  • Synergy indexes were weaker in PD patients compared to controls, particularly in the nondominant hand.
  • PD patients showed delayed and reduced anticipatory synergy adjustments, with half unable to perform a 2 Hz cyclic task.

Conclusions:

  • Motor coordination changes in PD are objectively quantifiable, even in early stages.
  • Impaired finger individuation and synergy formation in PD suggest significant supraspinal control alterations.
  • Results indicate a crucial role for the basal ganglia in synergy formation and reveal impaired feedforward control in PD.