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Related Concept Videos

Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain
05:02

Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain

Published on: October 2, 2018

[Nocardia nova brain abscess].

Barbara Gomila S1, Susana Sabater V, Jesús Merino P

  • 1Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital General de Castellón, España. bgomilasard@hotmail.com

Revista Chilena De Infectologia : Organo Oficial De La Sociedad Chilena De Infectologia
|May 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nocardia nova, an uncommon pathogen, caused multiple brain abscesses in an immunocompetent patient. Prompt treatment with sulpha-trimethoprim led to a full recovery, highlighting effective therapeutic strategies.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain
05:02

Listeria monocytogenes Infection of the Brain

Published on: October 2, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Nocardia nova is a rare bacterial pathogen.
  • Cerebral nocardiosis is an infrequent but serious infection.
  • Immunocompetent individuals can be affected, though less commonly.

Observation:

  • A case of multiple cerebral abscesses is presented.
  • The patient was immunocompetent.
  • Nocardia nova was identified as the causative agent.

Findings:

  • The Nocardia nova strain was susceptible to sulpha-trimethoprim.
  • Surgical drainage facilitated initial management.
  • Prolonged sulpha-trimethoprim therapy resulted in complete patient recovery.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering Nocardia nova in unexplained cerebral abscesses, even in immunocompetent hosts.
  • Sulpha-trimethoprim is an effective treatment option for Nocardia nova infections.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy are crucial for favorable outcomes in cerebral nocardiosis.