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Updated: May 22, 2026
Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model
Published on: May 21, 2013
Autologous chondrocyte implantation in children and adolescents
H Schmal1, J M Pestka, G Salzmann
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Centre, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. hagen.schmal@freenet.de
Purpose:
Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a well-established treatment method for cartilage defects in knees. Age-related grouping was based on expression data of cartilage-specific markers. Specificities of ACI in the different populations were analysed.
Methods:
Two hundred and sixty-seven patients undergoing ACI in the knee between 2006 and 2010 were included in this analysis. Cell characteristics and expression data of cartilage-specific surface markers as CD44, aggrecan and collagen type II were statistically analysed for age association. Epidemiological data of the defined groups were compared. Course of treatment was evaluated using MRI.
Results:
A correlation analysis showed statistically significant associations between age and aggrecan or collagen type II expression in all patients <30 years. A cluster analysis could predict age-dependent expression of these markers separating groups with an average age of 18.1 ± 2.3 and 23.6 ± 4.2 years, respectively (p < 0.02). Discriminance analysis suggested the age border between adults and juveniles at about 20 years. There was no influence of age on cell characteristics or CD44 expression. In the 19 of 267 patients with an age ≤18 years, gender distribution was not different compared to adults, but patella was significantly more affected. Cartilage lesions were mainly caused by osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and trauma. The Knee Osteoarthritis Scoring System in MRI reached 4.8 ± 2.3 points before, declining to 3.3 ± 2.3 points 6 and 12 months after the operation.
Conclusions:
Age-related expression of cartilage-specific markers allows definition of adolescents in cartilage regenerating surgery. Chondromalacia in these patients is mainly caused by OCD or trauma.
Level Of Evidence:
Case series, Level IV.
