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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...
Borderline Personality Disorder01:25

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Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

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Cyclothymia.

Gordon Parker1, Stacey McCraw, Kathryn Fletcher

  • 1School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia. g.parker@unsw.edu.au

Depression and Anxiety
|May 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cyclothymia, a mood disorder, should be recognized as a distinct temperament (CT) and classified within bipolar II disorder. This dual classification aids research into its biological basis and predisposition to bipolar II disorder.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Mood Disorders
  • Temperament Studies

Background:

  • Cyclothymia has historically been viewed as either a formal mood disorder or a cyclothymic temperament (CT).
  • Existing classifications lack a clear framework for understanding the relationship between these two conceptualizations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical evolution of cyclothymia's classification.
  • To propose models for conceptualizing the independence or interdependence of cyclothymia as a temperament and a mood disorder.
  • To advocate for a revised classification of cyclothymia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and contemporary classifications of cyclothymia.
  • Development of five conceptual models for cyclothymia's classification.

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  • Analysis of the implications for research and clinical practice.

    • Main Results:

    • Findings support the formal recognition and definition of cyclothymic temperament (CT).
    • Recommendations propose classifying cyclothymia as a mood disorder within the bipolar II disorder spectrum.
    • The proposed classification suggests potential differences in episode frequency, duration, cycling speed, and environmental reactivity compared to typical bipolar II disorder.

    Conclusions:

    • Granting cyclothymia both Axis I (mood disorder) and Axis II (temperament) status, with distinct terminology, is recommended.
    • This dual classification approach will facilitate research into shared biological underpinnings.
    • It will also advance understanding of how cyclothymic temperament may predispose individuals to developing bipolar II disorder.