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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.

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Updated: May 22, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

p53-facilitated miR-199a-3p regulates somatic cell reprogramming.

Jiaxu Wang1, Qianqian He, Chuanchun Han

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|May 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

p53 inactivation enhances somatic cell reprogramming, partly by downregulating miR-199a-3p. This microRNA inhibits cell proliferation and reprogramming efficiency, suggesting it

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Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53
14:57

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53

Published on: August 4, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Somatic cell reprogramming into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is inefficient.
  • p53 inactivation improves reprogramming efficiency, but mechanisms are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the role of miR-199a-3p in p53-mediated reprogramming.
  • Elucidate the molecular mechanisms linking p53, miR-199a-3p, and reprogramming efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed miR-199a-3p expression in relation to p53.
  • Manipulated miR-199a-3p levels to evaluate its impact on reprogramming efficiency.
  • Analyzed cell proliferation and cell cycle progression.
  • Utilized p53 knockdown and miR-199a-3p inhibition/replacement strategies.

Main Results:

  • p53 upregulates miR-199a-3p post-transcriptionally.
  • miR-199a-3p overexpression decreases reprogramming efficiency by inducing G1 cell cycle arrest.
  • miR-199a-3p inhibition enhances reprogramming and cell proliferation.
  • miR-199a-3p mediates the reprogramming enhancement observed in p53 knockdown cells.

Conclusions:

  • miR-199a-3p is a novel p53 target that negatively regulates somatic cell reprogramming.
  • Targeting miR-199a-3p can improve iPSC generation efficiency.
  • Understanding this pathway offers insights into optimizing reprogramming protocols.