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Published on: April 3, 2016
Epidemiology, genetics and treatments for myopia
Lei Yu1, Zhi-Kui Li, Jin-Rong Gao
1Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Fourth Municipal People's Hospital, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
International Journal of Ophthalmology
|May 4, 2012
Summary
Myopia, a growing public health concern, is influenced by genetics and environmental factors. Research is advancing our understanding of its genetic basis and improving treatments like LASIK surgery.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Genetics
- Public Health
Background:
- Myopia is a significant and increasing global public health issue.
- Its prevalence is influenced by diverse factors including age, ethnicity, and environment.
- Genetic factors play a crucial role in myopia development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in the epidemiology of myopia.
- To summarize current knowledge on genetic loci associated with myopia.
- To discuss contemporary treatments for myopia.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent scientific publications.
- Analysis of epidemiological data on myopia prevalence and incidence.
- Examination of genetic studies identifying myopia-related genes and loci.
- Overview of current myopia treatment modalities.
Main Results:
- Myopia prevalence varies significantly across different populations and demographics.
- Approximately 70 genetic loci have been mapped for primary myopia, with ongoing discoveries.
- Specific genes like COL1A1, COL2A1, ACTC1, PAX6, and NIPBL are implicated.
- Spectacles, glasses, and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) are common treatments.
Conclusions:
- Myopia is a complex condition with significant genetic and environmental contributions.
- Continued research is identifying more myopia-associated genes.
- Effective management strategies include corrective eyewear and surgical interventions like LASIK.
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