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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Precipitation Titration: Overview01:26

Precipitation Titration: Overview

Precipitation titration involves the reaction of a titrant and an analyte to generate an insoluble precipitate. While precipitation titration uses various precipitating agents, silver nitrate is the most common precipitating reagent; titrations involving Ag+ are called argentometric titrations. Usually, the endpoint in a precipitation titration can be detected by visual indicators.
A precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of the titrant or analyte upon adding the...
Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss01:57

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.
Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods01:19

Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
In the Volhard method, a standard excess of AgNO3 is first added to the...
Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis01:21

Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis

The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...

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Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
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Precipitation manipulation experiments--challenges and recommendations for the future.

Claus Beier1, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Thomas Wohlgemuth

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Lyngby, Denmark. clbe@kt.dtu.dk

Ecology Letters
|May 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Altered precipitation patterns impact ecosystems, but current experiments are limited. New research is needed in diverse biomes with complex scenarios to understand ecosystem resilience to climate change.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Climate Change Research

Background:

  • Precipitation changes significantly affect terrestrial ecosystem processes like plant productivity and biodiversity.
  • Existing precipitation experiments offer insights into water's role in ecosystems but have limitations.
  • These limitations include inadequate representation of global biomes and forecasted precipitation scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for novel precipitation experiments in understudied biomes and climatic conditions.
  • To emphasize the importance of complex scenarios, including altered frequency, amplitude, seasonality, and extremity of precipitation.
  • To underscore the necessity of investigating interactions with other global change drivers.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of past and ongoing precipitation experiments to identify knowledge gaps.
  • Call for new experiments incorporating diverse biomes and complex precipitation scenarios.
  • Advocacy for systematic and holistic approaches to study soil and plant community responses.

Main Results:

  • Current experiments provide valuable but limited data on ecosystem responses to altered precipitation.
  • Existing studies inadequately represent the full spectrum of global biomes and future climate scenarios.
  • A significant gap exists in understanding ecosystem resilience and acclimation under extreme precipitation events.

Conclusions:

  • New precipitation experiments are crucial for advancing ecosystem research and modeling.
  • Experiments must encompass a wider range of biomes, climatic conditions, and complex precipitation scenarios.
  • Future research should focus on how altered precipitation affects ecosystem resilience, acclimation, and thresholds.