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Related Concept Videos

Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then processed and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
10:56

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale

Published on: May 17, 2014

On translational regulation and EMT.

Valentina Evdokimova1, Cristina E Tognon, Poul H B Sorensen

  • 1Institute of Protein Research, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russian Federation.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|May 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Translational control regulates gene expression, impacting cellular responses and disease. This review explores how altered translation, specifically a shift from cap-dependent to cap-independent mechanisms, may drive cancer metastasis.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
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Published on: May 17, 2014

Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells
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Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells

Published on: December 25, 2021

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Gene expression is tightly regulated at multiple levels.
  • Translational regulation controls protein synthesis timing and quantity.
  • Dysregulation of translation is implicated in various diseases, including cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of translational control in normal and cancer cells.
  • To explore the role of translational regulation in cancer progression and metastasis.
  • To discuss the potential shift from cap-dependent to cap-independent translation in metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of translational control mechanisms.
  • Analysis of studies on gene expression regulation in cancer.
  • Discussion of evidence linking translation to epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Main Results:

  • Translational control is crucial for cellular responses to environmental changes.
  • Aberrant translational regulation contributes to cancer development.
  • A switch in translation mechanisms may drive tumor cell invasion and metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • Translational regulation is a key determinant of cellular function and fate.
  • Targeting translational control offers potential therapeutic strategies for cancer.
  • Understanding the shift in translation mechanisms is vital for combating metastasis.