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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which leads...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Movement disorders in autoimmune diseases.

José Fidel Baizabal-Carvallo1, Joseph Jankovic

  • 1Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society
|May 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune diseases can cause movement disorders like tremors and chorea. Early diagnosis and treatment, such as immunotherapy, can significantly improve patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases

Background:

  • Movement disorders are linked to various autoimmune conditions, including Sydenham's chorea and autoimmune encephalopathies.
  • Symptoms like tremors, dystonia, and ataxia can be the sole indicators of these underlying autoimmune diseases.
  • Pathogenic mechanisms involving CNS-directed antibodies are suspected but not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical features, pathogenic mechanisms, and treatments of movement disorders associated with autoimmune diseases.
  • To highlight the importance of early clinical recognition for effective management.
  • To synthesize findings from clinical experience and a systematic literature review.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature.
  • Analysis of clinical case experience.
  • Discussion of pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Movement disorders can be the primary manifestation of autoimmune diseases.
  • Immunotherapy and dietary changes show promise in improving symptoms.
  • Early diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Autoimmune diseases frequently present with movement disorders.
  • Prompt diagnosis and intervention, including immunotherapy, are vital for managing these conditions.
  • Further research into pathogenic mechanisms is needed to refine treatment approaches.