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Related Concept Videos

Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors01:19

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

α-glucosidase inhibitors, including acarbose (Precose), miglitol (Glyset), and voglibose (Voglib) (primarily available in Asia), are drugs that control blood sugar levels by delaying the digestion of starch and disaccharides. They achieve this by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, which slow the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine, which in turn leads to a prolonged release of the glucoregulatory hormone GLP-1 from intestinal L-cells.
Acarbose and miglitol are typically...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides01:06

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides

Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively manages...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones01:26

Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Biguanides and Glitazones

Biguanides, particularly metformin (Glucophage), are insulin sensitizers that enhance glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance. Unlike sulfonylureas, metformin doesn't prompt insulin secretion, which helps to curb hypoglycemia risk. Metformin is beneficial in treating conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome due to its insulin-resistance reduction capability. The drug's primary action involves curtailing hepatic gluconeogenesis, a significant contributor to high blood glucose levels...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds
06:09

An In Ovo Model for Testing Insulin-mimetic Compounds

Published on: April 23, 2018

Indigenous plants reported for hypoglycemic activity.

S Roy1, V Agrawal

  • 1(Department of Chemistry, Sarojini Naidu Govt. Girls Post Graduate College Bhopal, MP, India.).

Ancient Science of Life
|May 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Many indigenous plants possess known hypoglycemic properties, making them valuable resources for diabetes treatment. Research into these plants and their active compounds offers a logical path for discovering new anti-diabetic drugs.

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Area of Science:

  • Ethnobotany
  • Pharmacognosy
  • Phytochemistry

Background:

  • Plants are a primary source for established traditional and modern drugs.
  • Numerous plant species are recognized in folk medicine for their potential to lower blood sugar.
  • Diabetes mellitus remains a significant global health concern requiring novel therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the traditional uses of indigenous plants for managing diabetes.
  • To highlight the importance of evaluating medicinal plants for anti-diabetic drug discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ethnobotanical and pharmacological studies.
  • Analysis of documented traditional uses of plants for diabetes.
  • Identification of key phytochemicals with reported hypoglycemic activity.

Main Results:

  • Extensive traditional knowledge exists regarding the use of plants for diabetes.
  • Many plant species exhibit promising hypoglycemic properties.
  • Phytochemical investigation is crucial for validating traditional claims and isolating active compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Indigenous plants represent a vital resource for the development of new anti-diabetic medications.
  • Further scientific evaluation of these plants and their constituents is warranted.
  • Ethnobotanical data provides a strong foundation for modern drug discovery in diabetes treatment.