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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

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Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

Anaphylaxis to artesunate?

S K Dube¹, P S Panda, G R Agrawal

¹Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine

|May 5, 2012

Summary

Anaphylaxis to parenteral artesunate is rare. This case report details successful management of a severe allergic reaction to intravenous artesunate during surgery.

Keywords:

Anaphylaxis artesunate intraoperative

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

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Published on: October 25, 2018

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Clinical Medicine
Allergy and Immunology

Background:

Artesunate, a derivative of artemisinin, is a key antimalarial drug.
While generally safe, artesunate can cause adverse reactions, including rare severe allergic responses.
Understanding potential severe adverse events is crucial for patient safety.

Observation:

A female patient developed anaphylaxis during surgery following intravenous artesunate administration.
The patient experienced a severe allergic reaction, a rare but serious complication of parenteral artesunate.
Immediate recognition and management were critical in this perioperative setting.

Findings:

Parenteral artesunate can induce anaphylaxis, a rare but life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction.
Successful management of artesunate-induced anaphylaxis is achievable with prompt intervention.
This case highlights the importance of vigilance for severe allergic reactions to antimalarials.

Implications:

Clinicians should be aware of the potential for anaphylaxis with parenteral artesunate, even during surgical procedures.
Prompt diagnosis and management protocols are essential for improving outcomes in patients experiencing severe allergic reactions to artesunate.
Further research into the mechanisms and risk factors for artesunate-induced anaphylaxis may be warranted.