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Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
RNA Structure01:19

RNA Structure

The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA) involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three...
RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

Overview
The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...

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Affinity Purification of Influenza Virus Ribonucleoprotein Complexes from the Chromatin of Infected Cells
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Published on: June 3, 2012

Influenza A virus coding regions exhibit host-specific global ordered RNA structure.

Salvatore F Priore1, Walter N Moss, Douglas H Turner

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.

Plos One
|May 5, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Influenza A viruses can cause pandemics by swapping gene segments. Differences in RNA structure stability between avian, swine, and human strains offer insights into viral evolution and vaccine development.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

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Purification and Visualization of Influenza A Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complexes
09:35

Purification and Visualization of Influenza A Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complexes

Published on: February 9, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Influenza A poses a significant public health risk due to its potential for generating novel pandemic strains through gene segment exchange.
  • Understanding host-specific factors is crucial for predicting pandemic potential and developing effective vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in predicted RNA secondary structure stability across avian, swine, and human influenza A virus coding regions.
  • To identify potential criteria for viral reassortment and inform vaccine development strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of predicted RNA secondary structure stability.
  • Calculation of free energies associated with RNA secondary structure formation for different host strains.

Main Results:

  • Global ordered RNA structures were predicted for influenza A segments 1, 5, 7, and 8.
  • Distinct ranges of free energies for secondary structure formation were observed between avian, swine, and human influenza A strains.

Conclusions:

  • Predicted RNA secondary structure stability varies significantly across different influenza A host species.
  • These variations provide a basis for understanding segment reassortment and identifying candidates for viral attenuation and vaccine development.