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Related Concept Videos

Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching III: Evaluation and Documentation01:20

Nursing Process for Patient and Caregiver Teaching III: Evaluation and Documentation

Evaluation of the teaching process enables the nurse to determine if the patient's learning needs were met and if training was effective. If the expected outcomes are not met, the care plan is revised, and additional education or reinforcement is provided. Nurses can ask questions after the session or obtain feedback to assess the patient's understanding of the topic.
Nurses can use several methods to evaluate patient outcomes. For example, oral questions can assess cognitive learning, patient...
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One example of...
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning because...
Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in visual...
Data Collection by Observations01:08

Data Collection by Observations

Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools
11:29

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

Published on: June 20, 2020

Peer observation of teaching as a faculty development tool.

Peter B Sullivan1, Alexandra Buckle, Gregg Nicky

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK. peter.sullivan@paediatrics.ox.ac.uk

BMC Medical Education
|May 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Peer observation of teaching (PoT) provides constructive feedback to enhance medical education quality. Teachers found PoT valuable for professional development and improving teaching practices.

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Published on: September 4, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Faculty Development

Background:

  • Peer observation of teaching (PoT) is a method for improving teaching quality through descriptive feedback.
  • This study assessed PoT as a developmental process for a Pediatric Teaching Faculty.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and evaluate peer observation within a faculty development program.
  • To understand faculty perceptions of the peer observation process.

Main Methods:

  • A four-stage PoT process: pre-observation meeting, observation, feedback, and reflection.
  • Twenty faculty members participated, with observations covering diverse teaching formats.
  • Emphasis was placed on ensuring a developmental, non-evaluative approach.

Main Results:

  • Faculty perceived PoT as relevant and beneficial to their teaching practice.
  • Teachers valued the feedback, viewing PoT as an opportunity for insight and reflection.
  • PoT was considered non-threatening, enhancing teaching quality and professional development.

Conclusions:

  • Peer observation of teaching effectively improves course content and delivery.
  • PoT supports and encourages medical teachers, reinforcing effective teaching strategies.
  • The process is critical for overall faculty development in medical education.