Lock-in detection for pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance

Area of Science:

• Solid-state physics
• Quantum information science
• Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Background:

• Pulsed electrically detected magnetic resonance (pEDMR) is a sensitive technique for probing spin properties in semiconductors.
• Low-frequency noise and microwave-induced non-resonant background can limit the sensitivity and accuracy of pEDMR measurements.
• Efficient spin state readout is crucial for high-fidelity pEDMR experiments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and demonstrate a novel method for improving signal-to-noise ratio in pEDMR.
• To reduce low-frequency noise and eliminate microwave-induced background in pEDMR experiments.
• To enhance the sensitivity of spin-echo measurements in phosphorus-doped silicon.

Main Methods:

• Implementation of a signal modulation technique by cycling the phase of the projection pulse in pEDMR.
• Utilizing a lock-in detection scheme synchronized with the signal modulation.
• Experimental validation using spin-echo measurements in phosphorus-doped silicon.

Main Results:

• Achieved a reduction in the low-frequency noise level by one order of magnitude.
• Successfully eliminated the microwave-induced non-resonant background signal.
• Demonstrated significant enhancement in signal quality for spin-echo measurements.

Conclusions:

• Signal modulation combined with lock-in detection is an effective strategy for improving pEDMR sensitivity.
• This method provides a robust way to overcome common noise sources in pEDMR.
• The technique is particularly beneficial for spin-echo measurements in semiconductor systems like phosphorus-doped silicon.