Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...
Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

Motor Unit Stimulation

When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview

Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
Full wave rectifier01:22

Full wave rectifier

A full-wave rectifier is a device that converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) and is more efficient than its half-wave counterpart. It typically includes a center-tapped transformer, two diodes, and a load resistor. The secondary winding of the transformer is divided to provide two equal voltages of opposite polarities, which is the pivotal element of full-wave rectification.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Contractile and Genetic Characterization of Cardiac Constructs Engineered from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Modeling of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and the Effects of Rapamycin.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Noninvasive Venous Waveform Analysis Correlates With Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure and Predicts 30-Day Admission in Patients With Heart Failure Undergoing Right Heart Catheterization.

Journal of cardiac failure·2021
Same author

I-Wire Heart-on-a-Chip II: Biomechanical analysis of contractile, three-dimensional cardiomyocyte tissue constructs.

Acta biomaterialia·2016
Same author

I-Wire Heart-on-a-Chip I: Three-dimensional cardiac tissue constructs for physiology and pharmacology.

Acta biomaterialia·2016
Same author

Heart rate variability during sleep in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society·2016
Same author

Efficacy of Servo-Controlled Splanchnic Venous Compression in the Treatment of Orthostatic Hypotension: A Randomized Comparison With Midodrine.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2016
Same journal

Compressed multi-scale entropy and its application in mechanical fault diagnosis.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Bidirectional drive and multi-resolution adjustment across frequency bands in inertial impact piezoelectric motors via multimodal resonant vibration.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

A magnetic field sensor based on flaky Terfenol-D material and dual fiber grating.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

A novel E-field eight-way cavity combiner for high-power S-band applications.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Constant radius blade spring suspended bench for vibration isolation.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same journal

Qualification of infrared optical fibers and emitters for a spectrometer for in situ planetary exploration: Results from the TRIS (TRansmission and Illumination System) project.

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
12:19

Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System

Published on: January 20, 2012

Continuous-waveform constant-current isolated physiological stimulator.

Mark R Holcomb1, Jack M Devine, Rene Harder

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, Virginia 23943, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|May 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We created a versatile, isolated physiological stimulator controlled via USB. This device precisely delivers continuous current waveforms for various research, including cardiac experiments, and offers customizable integration.

More Related Videos

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
13:29

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues

Published on: May 15, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System
12:19

Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System

Published on: January 20, 2012

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues
13:29

Electric and Magnetic Field Devices for Stimulation of Biological Tissues

Published on: May 15, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Precise control of physiological stimuli is crucial for research.
  • Existing stimulators may lack flexibility or isolation.
  • Need for adaptable devices in diverse experimental settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an isolated, continuous-waveform, constant-current physiological stimulator.
  • To provide a versatile and customizable platform for research and student experiments.
  • To enable precise control and synchronization of electrical stimuli.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a custom printed circuit board (PCB) featuring a microcontroller (MSP430F2618) with digital-to-analog converters (DACs).
  • Incorporated a high-speed H-Bridge, voltage-controlled current source (VCCS), and isolated USB communication.
  • Integrated dual transistor-transistor logic (TTL) inputs and a liquid crystal display (LCD) for control and feedback.

Main Results:

  • The stimulator produces continuous current stimuli up to ±15 mA indefinitely from a 20V source.
  • Achieved isolated USB power and control, enhancing safety and experimental integrity.
  • Developed a user-friendly graphical interface for comprehensive device management.

Conclusions:

  • The developed physiological stimulator offers precise, isolated current waveform generation suitable for ex vivo cardiac and other research.
  • Its customizable design and dual TTL inputs allow seamless integration into various experimental setups.
  • The device provides a flexible and powerful tool for researchers and educators requiring controlled electrical stimulation.