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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over short distances...

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High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

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High resolution self-mixing laser rangefinder.

M Norgia¹, A Magnani, A Pesatori

¹Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Milan, Italy.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|May 8, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new laser instrument uses a laser diode

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics and Instrumentation
Laser Physics and Applications

Background:

Non-contact absolute distance measurement is crucial in various industrial and scientific fields.
Existing methods may face limitations in cost, precision, or applicability to diffusive targets.
The self-mixing effect in laser diodes offers a potential basis for compact and cost-effective measurement systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, safety class I laser instrument for non-contact absolute distance measurements.
To implement a real-time algorithm for accurate distance extraction from self-mixing signals, even with low signal-to-noise ratios.
To create a low-cost, high-resolution instrument suitable for diffusive targets.

Main Methods:

Utilized the self-mixing interference effect within a laser diode.
Modulated laser diode wavelength by altering the supply current to generate a self-mixing signal.
Developed and applied a real-time algorithm to extract fringe frequency from the self-mixing signal, robust to low signal-to-noise conditions.
Integrated a digital signal processor for real-time operation.

Main Results:

Successfully developed a novel laser instrument for non-contact absolute distance measurements.
Achieved a resolution better than 100 μm for distances up to 2 meters.
Demonstrated real-time operation over diffusive targets.
The instrument operates within safety class I.

Conclusions:

The developed laser instrument provides a low-cost, high-resolution solution for non-contact absolute distance measurements.
The real-time algorithm effectively extracts distance information from self-mixing signals, even in challenging low signal-to-noise environments.
The instrument is suitable for practical applications involving diffusive targets.