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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants01:23

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants


Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating sympathetic or...
CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine01:27

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
Drug Dependence01:17

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not necessarily...
Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
08:47

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration

Published on: February 10, 2012

Age-associated changes in nicotine dependence.

S Park1, J-Y Lee, T-M Song

  • 1School of Public Health and Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.

Public Health
|May 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nicotine dependence and cigarettes per day show an inverse U-shaped relationship with age, peaking around 50 years. Tobacco control strategies should consider age-specific nicotine dependence factors.

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Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices
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Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices

Published on: October 29, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration
08:47

Spectral Confocal Imaging of Fluorescently tagged Nicotinic Receptors in Knock-in Mice with Chronic Nicotine Administration

Published on: February 10, 2012

Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices
10:04

Local Application of Drugs to Study Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function in Mouse Brain Slices

Published on: October 29, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Public health

Background:

  • Nicotine dependence is a significant public health issue.
  • Age influences nicotinic receptors and nicotine metabolism, key factors in dependence.
  • The relationship between age and nicotine dependence has not been previously explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between age and nicotine dependence.
  • To analyze how age affects nicotine dependence levels and smoking behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study using data from South Korea's national smoking cessation program (n=338,566).
  • Nicotine dependence assessed using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and cigarettes per day (CPD).
  • Quadratic regression models analyzed the non-linear relationship between age and nicotine dependence (FTND, CPD, partial FTND).

Main Results:

  • Nicotine dependence (FTND, partial FTND) and CPD exhibited an inverse U-shaped relationship with age, peaking around 50 years.
  • Age, age of smoking initiation, smoking duration, alcohol problems, BMI, and residential area were associated with nicotine dependence.
  • Linear and quadratic terms for age were statistically significant in multiple regression models after adjustments.

Conclusions:

  • Nicotine dependence and CPD show a significant inverse U-shaped association with age, peaking at approximately 50 years.
  • Findings indicate that age is a critical factor in nicotine dependence patterns.
  • Tobacco control policies should be tailored to specific age groups to effectively address nicotine dependence.