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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...

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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Autoinflammatory syndromes.

Philip J Hashkes1, Ori Toker

  • 1Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, PO Box 3235, Jerusalem 91031, Israel. hashkesp@szmc.org.il

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|May 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoinflammatory syndromes, characterized by recurrent inflammation, are expanding due to new genetic discoveries. Understanding these rare diseases improves treatment for common inflammatory conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Autoinflammatory syndromes involve unprovoked, recurrent systemic inflammation, often with fever.
  • Inflammation is driven by innate immune cells like neutrophils and macrophages, mediated by cytokines such as interleukin-1.
  • Recent discoveries in gene mutations regulating the innate immune system have expanded the understanding of these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical approach for diagnosing suspected autoinflammatory syndromes.
  • To discuss newly identified genetic autoinflammatory diseases and their mechanisms.
  • To cover advances in treatment strategies and prognosis for these syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and genetic literature on autoinflammatory syndromes.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria and therapeutic advancements.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on pathogenesis and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Expansion of known autoinflammatory syndromes due to genetic discoveries.
  • Identification of key roles for innate immunity and cytokines like IL-1.
  • Application of knowledge from rare genetic syndromes to common inflammatory diseases.

Conclusions:

  • Autoinflammatory syndromes represent a growing group of disorders.
  • Genetic insights are crucial for diagnosis and treatment development.
  • Improved understanding benefits both rare and common inflammatory conditions.