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Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...
Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
17:28

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation

Published on: June 17, 2015

Systems toxicology.

Thomas Hartung1, Erwin van Vliet, Joanna Jaworska

  • 1Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. thartung@jhsph.edu

ALTEX
|May 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Understanding how chemicals affect biological pathways is crucial for safety assessment. Systems toxicology integrates omics data and pathway information to predict chemical toxicity more effectively.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Systems Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • A mechanistic understanding of chemical interactions with biological pathways is urgently needed for safety assessments across various industries.
  • Current safety evaluation methods require refinement to address complex chemical exposures.
  • Omics technologies offer potential for developing toxicity signatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a systems toxicology approach for improving chemical safety assessment.
  • To integrate omics-derived toxicity signatures with known biological pathways.
  • To enable predictive modeling for hazard identification and compound toxicity evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing omics technologies to generate signatures of toxicity.
  • Mapping toxicity signatures to identified toxicological pathways.
  • Integrating this information with pathway data from biochemistry and molecular biology.
  • Developing a systems toxicology framework for virtual experiments.

Main Results:

  • The proposed approach facilitates the creation of toxicity signatures.
  • Mapping these signatures to biological pathways provides mechanistic insights.
  • Integration with existing toxicological and biochemical data enhances understanding.
  • This enables virtual experiments for improved hazard prediction.

Conclusions:

  • A systems toxicology approach, integrating omics and pathway data, can significantly enhance chemical safety assessment.
  • This strategy allows for more accurate prediction of compound toxicity and hazard identification.
  • It represents a refinement of existing testing strategies towards more predictive and mechanistic evaluations.