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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Sodium Taurocholate Induced Severe Acute Pancreatitis in C57BL/6 Mice
06:35

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Differences between diffuse and focal autoimmune pancreatitis.

Taku Tabata1, Terumi Kamisawa, Kensuke Takuma

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan.

World Journal of Gastroenterology
|May 8, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Diffuse-type and head-type autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) share clinical similarities, but body/tail-type AIP presents distinct features and may involve conditions beyond lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis. Steroid therapy proved effective across all AIP types.

Keywords:
Autoimmune pancreatitisImmunoglobulin G 4Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a chronic inflammatory condition with distinct clinical and radiological presentations.
  • Classifying AIP into diffuse and focal types aids in understanding its varied manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the clinical, laboratory, radiological, functional, and histological features of diffuse-type (D type), focal-type head (H type), and focal-type body/tail (B/T type) AIP.
  • To identify potential differences in disease course and response to treatment among AIP subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-seven AIP patients were categorized into D type, H type, and B/T type based on imaging findings (CT/MRI).
  • Clinical, laboratory, radiological, functional, and histological data were collected and compared across the three groups.
  • Histological examination included assessment for lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP) and other relevant markers.

Main Results:

  • Obstructive jaundice was common in D and H types but absent in B/T type (P < 0.001).
  • Acute pancreatitis was more frequent in B/T type (36%) than D type (3%) (P = 0.017).
  • Serum IgG4 levels were higher in D type than B/T type (P = 0.042), while amylase was higher in B/T type than H type (P = 0.049).
  • Steroid therapy was effective for all AIP types, with no relapses observed in the B/T type group.

Conclusions:

  • H-type AIP exhibits clinical characteristics similar to D-type AIP.
  • B/T-type AIP presents unique clinical features distinguishing it from D and H types.
  • The distinct presentation of B/T-type AIP suggests potential involvement of conditions other than LPSP.