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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica
11:02

Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

Published on: July 9, 2015

"Silver effect" in gold(I) catalysis: an overlooked important factor.

Dawei Wang1, Rong Cai, Sripadh Sharma

  • 1C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The addition of silver (Ag(+)) to gold catalysts ([L-Au](+)) forms new complexes and is crucial for many reactions. This study uncovers a vital "silver effect" in gold catalysis, impacting reaction mechanisms.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

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Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination
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Preparation of Silver-Palladium Alloyed Nanoparticles for Plasmonic Catalysis under Visible-Light Illumination

Published on: August 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis Research

Background:

  • Gold catalysts ([L-Au](+)) are widely used in organic synthesis.
  • The precise role of co-catalysts or additives in gold catalysis is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between silver cations (Ag(+)) and gold complexes ([L-Au](+)) in solution.
  • To determine the influence of silver on the reactivity and mechanism of gold-catalyzed reactions.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze complex formation.
  • (31)P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ((31)P NMR) spectroscopy provided insights into the solution-state structures.
  • Re-evaluation of literature data on gold-catalyzed reactions was performed.

Main Results:

  • Experimental evidence confirms the formation of distinct complexes when Ag(+) is combined with [L-Au](+).
  • A significant difference in reactivity was observed in gold-catalyzed reactions with and without silver.
  • Some reactions failed to proceed without the presence of silver, highlighting its essential role.

Conclusions:

  • A previously unrecognized "silver effect" in gold catalysis has been identified.
  • The findings necessitate a revision of the current understanding of gold catalysis mechanisms.
  • Silver plays a critical, often indispensable, role in the efficacy of certain gold catalysts.