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Related Concept Videos

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue01:27

Growth of Cartilage and Bone Tissue

Chondrocytes form a temporary cartilaginous model by dividing and secreting a thick gel-like extracellular matrix. Once the chondrocytes undergo programmed cell death, osteoblasts enter the site of the cartilaginous model. The process of replacing the temporary cartilaginous model with bone in an ordered manner is called endochondral ossification. In endochondral ossification, not all of the cartilage is replaced by bone tissue. Some cartilage that performs a protective and supportive function...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus01:15

Development of the Sexual Organs in the Embryo and Fetus

Development of the reproductive organs in an embryo starts from a bipotential state. This means the early embryo can develop either male or female reproductive organs. The formation of these organs begins with the growth of gonadal ridges that arise from the intermediate mesoderm during the fifth week of development.
Near the gonadal ridges, two duct systems are present: the mesonephric ducts (Wolffian ducts) and paramesonephric ducts (Müllerian ducts). These ducts form the basis for the male...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...

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Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

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Published on: December 3, 2016

Chondrogenesis and developments in our understanding.

Nigel Mabvuure1, Sandip Hindocha, Daniel Jordan

  • 1Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Audrey Emerton building, Eastern road, Brighton, BN2 5BE, UK.

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Developing new cartilage therapies is crucial due to increasing degeneration. Understanding chondrogenesis, the process of cartilage formation, is key to improving tissue engineering for better cartilage replacements.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Culture of Murine Embryonic Metatarsals: A Physiological Model of Endochondral Ossification
07:23

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Published on: December 3, 2016

Culturing and Measuring Fetal and Newborn Murine Long Bones
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Published on: April 26, 2019

Co-localization of Cell Lineage Markers and the Tomato Signal
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Published on: December 28, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Cartilage damage and degeneration present significant healthcare challenges, exacerbated by increasing life expectancy.
  • The limited regenerative capacity of cartilage necessitates advanced therapeutic strategies, particularly in vitro tissue engineering.
  • Current tissue engineering methods often yield cartilage with suboptimal physical properties compared to native tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of chondrogenesis, the process of cartilage formation.
  • To discuss the application of chondrogenesis understanding to cartilage tissue engineering.
  • To highlight the importance of the physical context in cartilage development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on chondrogenesis and cartilage tissue engineering.
  • Analysis of the limitations of current in vitro chondrocyte culture techniques.
  • Examination of the role of physical stimuli and bioreactor systems in engineered cartilage.

Main Results:

  • Understanding chondrogenesis has been historically limited, particularly regarding the in vivo physical context.
  • In vitro chondrocyte culture produces cells with extracellular matrix of inferior physical properties.
  • Bioreactor systems applying physical stresses have shown improvements in engineered cartilage quality.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of chondrogenesis, including physical cues, is essential for advancing cartilage tissue engineering.
  • Translating knowledge of chondrogenesis into research practice, such as using bioreactors, has improved engineered cartilage.
  • Future efforts should focus on mimicking the in vivo physical environment to create clinically viable cartilage replacements.