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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

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Normal aging increases discriminal dispersion in visuospatial short-term memory.

Hannes Noack¹, Martin Lövdén, Ulman Lindenberger

¹Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institutefor Human Development, Berlin, Germany. noack@mpib-berlin.mpg.de

Psychology and Aging

|May 9, 2012

Summary

Older adults show impaired visual short-term memory (STM) due to less distinct memory representations. This study found increased discriminal dispersion and reduced capacity in older individuals, impacting their visual STM performance.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Psychology
Gerontology

Background:

Cognitive aging models suggest age-related memory decline stems from less distinct stimulus representations.
These models predict greater discriminal dispersion in older adults for visual short-term memory (STM).

Purpose of the Study:

To test the prediction of increased discriminal dispersion in older adults using a visual STM task.
To investigate the impact of cognitive load and retention interval on age-related differences in visual STM.

Main Methods:

A change-detection paradigm assessed visuospatial location memory.
Manipulated cognitive load (1, 3, or 5 items) and retention interval (100 or 1,000 ms).
A mixture model analyzed age differences in discriminal dispersion and STM capacity.

Main Results:

Significant age differences in visual STM emerged at higher cognitive loads (3 and 5 items).
Retention interval did not differentially affect age groups, indicating early processing as the source of age-related differences.
Older adults exhibited increased discriminal dispersion and decreased asymptotic discrimination (STM capacity).

Conclusions:

Age-related declines in discriminal dispersion contribute to impaired visual STM performance.
Increasing capacity limitations also play a role in age-related visual STM deficits.
Advancing adult age negatively impacts visual STM through reduced representation distinctness and capacity.