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Cortisol and depression: three questions for psychiatry
1Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK. jh24@cam.ac.uk
Psychological Medicine
|May 9, 2012
Summary
Cortisol dysregulation is linked to major depression disorder (MDD). Understanding cortisol
Area of Science:
- Neuroendocrinology
- Psychiatry
- Genetics
Background:
- Cortisol plays a key role in major depression disorder (MDD).
- Disturbances in diurnal cortisol rhythms and glucocorticoid feedback resistance are observed in MDD.
- Elevated cortisol levels and accentuated post-awakening surges are noted in individuals at risk for MDD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the multifaceted role of cortisol in major depression disorder (MDD).
- To explore potential new avenues for studying and clinically managing MDD based on cortisol's influence.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive review of the relevant scientific literature was conducted.
Main Results:
- Cortisol influences genetic risk variants for MDD and environmental risk amplification.
- Cortisol's impact spans from prenatal development through adulthood.
- The effects of cortisol depend on interactions with psychological traits, genetic factors, and prior life events.
Conclusions:
- Cortisol's role in MDD warrants clinical consideration.
- Cortisol levels and diurnal rhythm patterns may help define MDD subtypes and guide treatment.
- Interventions targeting cortisol rhythms or blockade could benefit specific patient groups, potentially preventing future depression and cognitive decline.
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