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Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

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The development of the vascular system in a fetus is a complex and intricate process that begins as early as 15 to 16 days post-conception. This process starts outside the embryo, specifically in the mesoderm of the yolk sac, chorion, and connecting stalk. Approximately two days later, the formation of blood vessels occurs within the embryo itself.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Generation of Human Blood Vessel Organoids from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Generation of Human Blood Vessel Organoids from Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: January 20, 2023

Generation of functional human vascular network.

T Takebe¹, N Koike, K Sekine

¹Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.

Transplantation Proceedings

|May 9, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered a functional human vascular network using endothelial and stem cells within a matrix. This breakthrough addresses a key challenge in regenerating complex tissues and organs.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Generation of Human Blood Vessel Organoids from Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Published on: January 20, 2023

Vascular Organoid Generation from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Vascular Organoid Generation from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: December 13, 2024

Bioengineering Human Microvascular Networks in Immunodeficient Mice

Bioengineering Human Microvascular Networks in Immunodeficient Mice

Published on: July 11, 2011

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Tissue Engineering
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Vascularization is critical for the viability and organization of thick, complex tissues like the liver.
Engineering functional human vascular networks remains a significant challenge in regenerative medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a novel method for engineering a functional human vascular network.
To demonstrate the potential of this technique for future organ regeneration.

Main Methods:

Co-cultivation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (GFP-HUVECs) and human mesenchymal stem cells (KO-hMSCs) within a collagen/fibronectin matrix.
In vitro visualization of vascular network formation using fluorescence microscopy.
In vivo implantation of prevascularized constructs into immunodeficient mice.

Main Results:

GFP-HUVECs formed stable, vessel-like structures supported by pericytes differentiated from KO-hMSCs.
Implanted human vascular structures were patent and remained functional for over 2 months.
Successful demonstration of in vivo integration and patency of engineered vascular networks.

Conclusions:

The study successfully generated functional human vascular networks within a matrix.
This engineering technique is a promising step towards reconstituting vascularized human organ systems in vitro.
Addressing vascularization is key to advancing tissue regeneration and organ replacement therapies.