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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas
15:15

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Published on: July 1, 2011

Lymphocytes in atherosclerosis.

Maria Wigren1, Jan Nilsson, Daniel Kolbus

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atherosclerosis inflammation is modulated by immune responses to modified self-antigens. Understanding these immune interactions reveals new therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disease.

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A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
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A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas
15:15

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cells Within Murine Aortas

Published on: July 1, 2011

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology
05:51

A Human Ex Vivo Atherosclerotic Plaque Model to Study Lesion Biology

Published on: May 6, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory arterial disease.
  • Immune responses to plaque antigens, like oxidized LDL, modulate this inflammation.
  • The immune system's recognition of these antigens influences disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of immune responses in atherosclerosis.
  • To investigate the function of T cells (regulatory T cells and Th1 cells) in plaque development.
  • To examine the potential contribution of B cells and antibodies to atheroprotection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established knowledge on atherosclerosis and immunology.
  • Analysis of the roles of specific T cell subsets (Treg, Th1) in inflammatory processes.
  • Discussion of emerging evidence regarding B cell involvement and antibody therapies.

Main Results:

  • T cells are critical effectors; regulatory T cells are anti-inflammatory, while Th1 cells promote inflammation and disease.
  • The immune system's response to modified self-antigens determines disease outcome: tolerance is protective, elimination promotes plaque.
  • The role of B cells is under investigation, with some atheroprotective antibodies identified.

Conclusions:

  • Immune system modulation is central to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
  • Specific immune cell activities, particularly T cell responses, directly impact disease progression.
  • Understanding these immune mechanisms opens avenues for novel therapeutic strategies, including vaccines and antibody-based treatments.