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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention01:27

Urinary Tract Calculi IV: Nutrition Therapy and Prevention

Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management

AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
07:45

Estimation of Urinary Nanocrystals in Humans using Calcium Fluorophore Labeling and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis

Published on: February 9, 2021

[Migraine-induced kidney stones?].

L Gerber1, R P Wüthrich, N Mohebbi

  • 1Klinik für Nephrologie, Universitätsspital Zürich, Switzerland.

Praxis
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Topiramate, a migraine medication, can cause renal tubular acidosis (RTA), leading to kidney stones. This metabolic evaluation identified the drug as the cause of the patient's recurrent kidney issues.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Recurrent kidney stones necessitate metabolic evaluation to identify underlying causes.
  • Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a significant risk factor for nephrolithiasis.
  • Migraine pharmacotherapy requires careful consideration of potential adverse effects.

Observation:

  • A 42-year-old woman presented with a history of two kidney stone episodes.
  • Laboratory findings included normal anion-gap metabolic acidosis, hypocitraturia, and elevated urinary pH.
  • The patient was taking topiramate for migraine prophylaxis.

Findings:

  • Topiramate was identified as the causative agent for renal tubular acidosis (RTA).
  • Topiramate, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, induced a mixed (proximal and distal) RTA.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

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  • The induced RTA was associated with hypocitraturia and an increased risk of kidney stones.

    • Implications:

    • Discontinuation or dose adjustment of topiramate may be indicated in patients with RTA and kidney stones.
    • Clinicians should be aware of topiramate's potential to cause metabolic acidosis and nephrolithiasis.
    • This case highlights the importance of medication review in the workup of recurrent kidney stones.