Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot01:15

Receiver Operating Characteristic Plot

A ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) plot is a graphical tool used to assess the performance of a binary classification model by illustrating the trade-off between sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (false positive rate). By plotting sensitivity against 1 - specificity across various threshold settings, the ROC curve shows how well the model distinguishes between classes, with a curve closer to the top-left corner indicating a more accurate model. The area under the ROC curve...
What is a Mode?01:07

What is a Mode?

The mode is one of the commonly used measures of a central tendency. It is defined as the most frequent value in a data set.
There can be more than one mode in a data set if multiple values have the same highest frequency. For instance, suppose that the Statistics exam scores of 20 students are: 50; 53; 59; 59; 63; 63; 72; 72; 72; 72; 72; 76; 78; 81; 83; 84; 84; 84; 90; 93. Here, the mode is 72, as it occurs most frequently, five times.
A data set with two modes is called bimodal. For example,...
Design Example01:23

Design Example

The innovation of touch-tone telephony revolutionized the telecommunications industry by replacing the traditional rotary dial with a dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling system. This system uses a matrix-style keypad with buttons arranged in four rows and three columns, creating 12 distinct signals each assigned to a pair of frequencies. Each button press results in a simultaneous generation of two sinusoidal tones – one from a low-frequency group (697 to 941 Hz) and one from a...
Basic Discrete Time Signals01:16

Basic Discrete Time Signals

The unit step sequence is defined as 1 for zero and positive values of the integer n. This sequence can be graphically displayed using a set of eight sample points, showing a step function starting from n=0 and remaining constant thereafter.
The unit impulse or sample sequence is mathematically expressed as zero for all n values except at n=0, where it is one. The unit impulse sequence, denoted by δ(n), is the first difference of the unit step sequence, while the unit step sequence u(n) is the...
¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns01:13

¹H NMR Signal Multiplicity: Splitting Patterns

When protons A and X are coupled, their nuclear spin energy levels are slightly modified. This is because the energy required to excite proton A to a spin state parallel to proton X is slightly different from the energy required for it to become anti-parallel to spin X. Consequently, there are two possible excitation frequencies for A (A1 and A2), depending on the spin state of X, and vice versa. The mutual nature of coupling implies that the difference between frequencies A1 and A2, indicated...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Corrigendum to "Comparative study of humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 induced by different COVID-19 vaccine types: Insights into protection against wildtype, Delta and JN.1 omicron strains" [Vaccine 59 (2025) 127270].

Vaccine·2025
Same author

Machine learning generated solitons for distributed acoustic sensing.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Comparative study of humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 induced by different COVID-19 vaccine types: Insights into protection against wildtype, Delta and JN.1 omicron strains.

Vaccine·2025
Same author

Knowledge and Behaviors in Reproductive Health Among Mexican Women With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Cross-sectional Study.

Journal of clinical rheumatology : practical reports on rheumatic & musculoskeletal diseases·2025
Same author

Low complexity neural network equalizer for nonlinearity mitigation in digital subcarrier multiplexing systems.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Experimental validation of XPM mitigation using a generalizable multi-task learning neural network.

Optics letters·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

DSP complexity of mode-division multiplexed receivers.

Beril Inan1, Bernhard Spinnler, Filipe Ferreira

  • 1Institute of Communications Engineering, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. beril.inan@tum.de

Optics Express
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes equalizer complexity for mode-division multiplexed systems. Training symbol-based schemes, particularly OFDM, offer lower complexity for long-haul transmission, but modal dispersion must be minimized.

More Related Videos

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping
09:43

Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

Published on: March 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Optical communication systems
  • Digital signal processing
  • Mode-division multiplexing

Background:

  • Equalizer schemes are crucial for mitigating signal degradation in high-speed optical networks.
  • Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) offers increased capacity but introduces modal crosstalk and dispersion challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analytically compare the computational complexity of different digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms for mode-division multiplexed systems.
  • To evaluate equalizer performance concerning modal dispersion and transmission distance for long-haul applications.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical complexity analysis of equalizer schemes, measured in complex multiplications per bit.
  • Comparison of training symbol-based versus blind equalization approaches.
  • Evaluation of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for crosstalk compensation in MDM receivers.

Main Results:

  • Training symbol-based equalizers demonstrate significantly lower complexity than blind approaches for long-haul transmission.
  • OFDM exhibits the lowest complexity for crosstalk compensation in MDM receivers.
  • Achieving 2000 km transmission requires effective modal dispersion below 6 ps/km with limited OFDM overhead (10%).

Conclusions:

  • Minimizing modal delay is critical for enabling long-haul performance in few-mode transmission systems.
  • The overhead associated with training symbol-based schemes for modal crosstalk compensation impacts data rates.
  • OFDM presents a promising, low-complexity solution for crosstalk compensation in MDM systems.