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Related Concept Videos

Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process information is...
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality01:30

Social Cognitive Perspective on Personality

Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Helping students reflect: lessons from cognitive psychology.

Gary Poole1, Lydia Jones, Michael Whitfield

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Health Education Scholarship, University of British Columbia, Jim Pattison Pavilion North, VGH, 910 West 10th Avenue, Suite 3300, Vancouver, BC, Canada, gary.poole@ubc.ca.

Advances in Health Sciences Education : Theory and Practice
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive psychology constructs like self-schemas and scripts help educators understand student reflection challenges. Applying these concepts aids in managing emotions and enhancing learning from experience.

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Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
12:55

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction (PS-I): A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Effective learning requires students to reflect on experiences.
  • Teaching reflection presents significant pedagogical challenges.
  • Cognitive psychology offers frameworks to understand these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply cognitive psychology constructs to understand student reflection.
  • To explore the roles of self-schemas and scripts in learning from experience.
  • To provide educators with strategies for managing emotions during reflection.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of self-schemas and scripts in educational contexts.
  • Integration of emotional regulation theories with reflective learning processes.
  • Development of pedagogical suggestions based on cognitive and emotional frameworks.

Main Results:

  • Self-schemas and scripts significantly influence how students process and learn from experiences.
  • Emotion is a critical factor impacting the effectiveness of student reflection.
  • Understanding these cognitive and emotional dynamics offers opportunities to improve teaching strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Educators can leverage cognitive psychology concepts like self-schemas and scripts to foster deeper student reflection.
  • Strategies incorporating emotional management can enhance the value derived from reflective learning.
  • This approach provides a novel framework for improving educational outcomes through metacognitive development.