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Updated: May 22, 2026

Time-Resolved, Dynamic Computed Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Aortic Endoleaks and Treatment Guidance via 2D-3D Fusion-Imaging
Published on: December 9, 2021
Thomas M Grist1, Charles A Mistretta, Charles M Strother
1Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Advancements in 4D angiography, including magnetic resonance (MR) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), offer improved imaging speed and resolution. New techniques enable detailed visualization of blood flow dynamics and pressure gradients in small vessels.
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