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Updated: May 22, 2026
Corneal Sensitivity Testing Procedure for Ophthalmologic and Optometric Patients
Published on: August 2, 2024
Measuring corneal hysteresis: threshold estimation of the waveform score from the Ocular Response Analyzer
1Glaucoma Department, Karolinska Institutet, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Polhemsgatan 50, SE-112 82, Stockholm, Sweden. marcelo.ayala@sankterik.se
Background:
The aim of this study was to determine a threshold waveform score (WS) for the best score value (BSV) in the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA).
Methods:
Retrospective study. One hundred and thirty-three healthy adults were recruited. Measurements were done with the ORA 2.04.
Results:
Two hundred and sixty-six eyes were analyzed. Mean age was 56.49 ± 15.97 years. The mean waveform score of the BSV was 7.39 ± 1.32. The waveform scores ranged from 2.8 to 9.7. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality was significant (p ≤ 0.0001). Linear regression showed a significant positive correlation between IOPg (measured with the ORA) and IOP measured with Goldmann applanation tonometry (p ≤ 0.0001), as well as significant negative correlation between the difference IOPg-IOP Goldmann and waveform score of the BSV values. Threshold estimation considering 95 % confidence interval was 7.23. Meanwhile, threshold estimation considering the difference IOPg-IOP Goldmann, for 3 mmHg, was 6.7.
Conclusions:
When using the ORA device, we recommend that clinicians try to obtain several waveform score measurements of 7 or above. Waveform scores lower than 7 may render less reliable results.
