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Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
06:41

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Published on: February 25, 2011

The antisocial brain: psychopathy matters.

Sarah Gregory1, Dominic ffytche, Andrew Simmons

  • 1Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, England, UK.

Archives of General Psychiatry
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Persistent violent offenders with psychopathy show reduced gray matter in brain regions affecting empathy and moral reasoning. This finding suggests psychopathy is a distinct phenotype, aiding research into violent behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Persistent violent behavior in men is heterogeneous.
  • A distinct subgroup exhibits callous-unemotional traits in childhood and psychopathic traits in adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify structural gray matter differences in violent offenders.
  • Distinguish between those with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy (ASPDP) and those with only antisocial personality disorder (ASPD-P).

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional case-control study using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI).
  • Voxel-based morphometry analyzed gray matter volumes.
  • Participants included violent offenders with ASPDP, violent offenders with ASPD-P, and healthy nonoffenders.

Main Results:

  • Offenders with ASPDP had significantly reduced gray matter (GM) in the anterior rostral prefrontal cortex and temporal poles compared to ASPD-P offenders and nonoffenders.
  • These GM reductions were independent of substance use disorders.
  • Offenders with ASPD-P showed GM volumes similar to nonoffenders.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced GM volume in specific brain areas may explain social behavior abnormalities in psychopathy.
  • Structural brain differences support psychopathy as a distinct phenotype.
  • Findings may advance research into the causes of persistent violent behavior.