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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Detecting activity-evoked pH changes in human brain.

Vincent A Magnotta¹, Hye-Young Heo, Brian J Dlouhy

¹Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. vincent-magnotta@uiowa.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|May 9, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brain pH fluctuations during normal function are detectable using a novel MRI technique. This T(1)ρ MRI method offers a new way to study brain activity independent of blood oxygenation changes.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biophysics
Medical Imaging

Background:

Localized pH changes in the brain are hypothesized but difficult to measure noninvasively.
Existing methods lack the spatial and temporal resolution to confirm brain pH dynamics.
The role of pH in brain function and its measurement remain critical research questions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the feasibility of using T(1) relaxation in the rotating frame (T(1)ρ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting localized brain pH changes.
To validate T(1)ρ MRI findings with other physiological measurements.
To explore T(1)ρ MRI as a novel functional brain imaging strategy.

Main Methods:

Utilized T(1)ρ MRI to measure brain pH changes in mice and humans under manipulated carbon dioxide and bicarbonate levels.
Induced localized acidosis in the human visual cortex using a flashing checkerboard stimulus.
Correlated T(1)ρ MRI data with lactate measurements and (31)P spectroscopy.
Compared T(1)ρ MRI signal with blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast.

Main Results:

T(1)ρ MRI successfully detected widespread pH changes in both mouse and human brains.
Localized acidosis was identified in the human visual cortex during visual stimulation, confirmed by lactate and (31)P spectroscopy.
T(1)ρ signal correlated with BOLD contrast but was not directly sensitive to blood oxygen content.

Conclusions:

Localized pH fluctuations occur in the human brain during normal function.
T(1)ρ MRI is a sensitive method for detecting these localized pH changes.
This pH-sensitive MRI technique provides a novel functional imaging approach independent of traditional BOLD mechanisms.