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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Inflammation: Introduction01:28

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model
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SOCS, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity.

Akihiko Yoshimura1, Mayu Suzuki, Ryota Sakaguchi

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi Tokyo, Japan.

Frontiers in Immunology
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins, particularly SOCS1 and SOCS3, are crucial regulators of immune responses. This review highlights their roles in T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Keywords:
STATcytokinehelper T cellimmunitysignal transduction

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Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model
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Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
06:38

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cytokines are vital for immunity but their dysregulation causes diseases like allergies, autoimmunity, and cancer.
  • The Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway mediates cytokine signaling.
  • Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins negatively regulate this pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in regulating immune homeostasis.
  • To focus on the involvement of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in T cell differentiation and function.
  • To explore the significance of SOCS1 and SOCS3 in T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on SOCS proteins and JAK-STAT signaling.
  • Analysis of studies using conditional knockout mice to understand SOCS function.
  • Examination of research on SOCS1 and SOCS3 in T cell biology.

Main Results:

  • SOCS proteins, especially SOCS1 and SOCS3, act as key inhibitors of JAKs.
  • Conditional knockout mouse studies confirm SOCS proteins as regulators of immune homeostasis.
  • SOCS1 and SOCS3 are identified as important controllers of helper T cell differentiation and activity.

Conclusions:

  • SOCS1 and SOCS3 are potent inhibitors of cytokine signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway.
  • These SOCS proteins are essential regulators in both physiological and pathological immune processes.
  • Understanding SOCS1 and SOCS3 function is key to addressing T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.