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Related Concept Videos

Autophagy01:27

Autophagy

Autophagy is a self-digesting process by which a cell protects itself from threats both within and outside the cell, ranging from abnormal proteins to invading bacteria. In this process, obsolete components of the cell and invading microbes are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen.
An autophagic pathway consists of a series of signaling events activated in response to diverse stress and physiological conditions such as food deprivation,...
Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
11:39

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

Macroautophagy in T lymphocyte development and function.

Ming-Xiao He1, Ian X McLeod, Wei Jia

  • 1Department of Immunology, Duke University Durham, NC, USA.

Frontiers in Immunology
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autophagy, a cellular recycling process, is crucial for T lymphocyte development and function. It regulates T cell selection, survival, and proliferation by managing antigen presentation and cellular energy.

Keywords:
T lymphocyteapoptosisautophagyorganelle homeostasisthymocyte selection

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Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells

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Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry
11:39

Assessing Autophagic Flux by Measuring LC3, p62, and LAMP1 Co-localization Using Multispectral Imaging Flow Cytometry

Published on: July 21, 2017

Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells
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Multicolor Flow Cytometry-based Quantification of Mitochondria and Lysosomes in T Cells

Published on: January 9, 2019

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy
07:20

Exploring the Regulation of Lipid Droplet Catabolism through Lipophagy

Published on: January 31, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a fundamental intracellular process involving double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes.
  • Autophagy plays critical roles in T lymphocyte development and function.
  • Basal autophagy levels in resting T lymphocytes increase upon T cell receptor stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current findings on how autophagy regulates T cell function.
  • To compare different models used for studying autophagy in T lymphocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies and knockout/transgenic models.
  • Analysis of autophagy's role in T cell selection, survival, and proliferation.

Main Results:

  • Autophagy is essential for thymocyte selection, peripheral T cell survival, and proliferation.
  • Autophagy regulates T cell function by influencing self-antigen presentation, organelle homeostasis, and energy production.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy is a key regulator of T lymphocyte development and function.
  • Understanding autophagy mechanisms and models is vital for T cell immunology research.