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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer
10:36

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Published on: March 17, 2016

Epigenetics and breast cancers.

An T Vo1, Richard M Millis

  • 1Department of Physiology & Biophysics, The Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.

Obstetrics and Gynecology International
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental compounds can alter breast cancer risk through epigenetic changes. These compounds affect DNA methylation and histone modifications, influencing gene expression and cancer development.

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Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
21:24

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Published on: January 2, 2009

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer
10:36

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Published on: March 17, 2016

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation
21:24

Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation

Published on: January 2, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and Molecular Oncology
  • Environmental Health and Carcinogenesis

Background:

  • Active compounds in food, drugs, and industrial chemicals can influence breast cancer risk via epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications are observed in various cancers, including breast cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation and histone acetylation, in the context of breast cancer.
  • To investigate how environmental ligands binding to the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) influence gene expression related to breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of enzymes involved in DNA methylation and histone modification pathways.
  • Examination of hypermethylation patterns at estrogen response element (ERE) promoters.
  • Investigation of the recruitment of DNA methyltransferases, demethylases, and histone-modifying enzymes by ligand-ERα dimers.

Main Results:

  • Ligand-bound ERα dimers act as transcription factors, binding to ERE promoters.
  • Recruitment of DNA methyltransferases leads to hypermethylation of CpG islands.
  • Simultaneous activation of DNA demethylases and recruitment of histone acetyltransferases by ligand-ERα dimers can alter gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic alterations, driven by environmental compound interactions with ERα, play a significant role in breast cancer development.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can provide insights into novel therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic pathways in breast cancer.