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Osteoarticular brucellosis in children.

Y A al-Eissa1, A M Kambal, A A Alrabeeah

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Brucellosis in children often presents as arthritis, primarily affecting large joints, with raw milk as a common infection source. Prompt diagnosis and prolonged antibiotic treatment lead to high cure rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Rheumatology
  • Public health epidemiology

Background:

  • Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with significant osteoarticular manifestations.
  • Pediatric brucellosis cases require specific diagnostic and management considerations.
  • Understanding the clinical spectrum of brucellosis in children is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical features, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes of osteoarticular brucellosis in children.
  • To evaluate the utility of imaging modalities in diagnosing skeletal brucellosis.
  • To assess the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in pediatric brucellosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 40 pediatric patients diagnosed with osteoarticular brucellosis.

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  • Clinical data, laboratory results, imaging studies (radiography, bone scintigraphy), and treatment responses were reviewed.
  • Microbiological confirmation of Brucella infection was performed where possible.

    • Main Results:

    • Arthritis was the predominant symptom, affecting large weight-bearing joints in 70% of cases; osteomyelitis occurred in two patients.
    • Brucella melitensis was identified in 74% of confirmed cases, with raw milk consumption being the primary source of infection.
    • Bone scintigraphy demonstrated higher sensitivity than radiography for detecting hip and sacroiliac joint involvement; a 92.5% cure rate was achieved with prolonged antibiotic therapy.

    Conclusions:

    • Osteoarticular brucellosis in children typically presents with arthritis, often monoarticular and affecting large joints.
    • Early diagnosis, appropriate imaging, and extended antibiotic treatment are key to successful management and improved outcomes.
    • Public health measures focusing on raw milk consumption are essential for preventing pediatric brucellosis.