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Related Concept Videos

Types of Friction Problems01:27

Types of Friction Problems

Friction is an essential concept in physics, engineering, and everyday life. It is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion between two surfaces in contact. One of the most common types of friction encountered in various applications is dry friction. Dry friction problems can be broadly categorized into three types, each with unique characteristics and challenges.
The first type of dry friction problem involves situations where there is no apparent impending motion.
Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
Impact Loading01:19

Impact Loading

Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...
Residual Stresses in Bending01:18

Residual Stresses in Bending

In the study of elastoplastic members subjected to bending moments, understanding the loading and unloading phases is crucial for assessing material behavior and structural integrity. During the loading phase, as the bending moment increases, the material initially responds elastically, adhering to Hooke's Law, where stress is directly proportional to strain. When the load exceeds the yield strength, plastic deformation occurs, resulting in permanent strain and deformation that remains even...
Friction: Problem Solving01:21

Friction: Problem Solving

Friction is an essential force that influences the motion of objects in daily life. Depending on the situation, it can be either beneficial or problematic. Consider a bus with a mass of three megagrams and its center of mass at a specific point, moving along a banked road at a constant speed. The coefficient of static friction between the tires and the road is 0.5. Find the maximum angle of the banked road at which the bus would not slip or tip.
Initially, a visual representation of the...
Journal Bearings01:23

Journal Bearings

Journal bearings are mechanical components that support and provide lateral stability to rotating shafts and axles. They are crucial in reducing friction, wear, and vibration in machinery such as engines, turbines, and pumps. The principle behind journal bearings is forming a thin lubricant film between the bearing surface and the rotating shaft, which minimizes direct contact and reduces frictional forces.
To better understand the concept of journal bearings, consider a rope winch with dry or...

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Clinical efficiency of nonconventional elastomeric ligatures in the canine retraction phase of preadjusted edgewise appliance therapy: an in-vivo study.

American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics·2012
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KD loop for increasing arch perimeter in cleft and noncleft cases.

Orthodontics : the art and practice of dentofacial enhancement·2012
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Double impact: intrusion of two mandibular molars using an SAS--a case report.

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Orthodontics : the art and practice of dentofacial enhancement·2011

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors
06:21

Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors

Published on: April 10, 2018

Friction and anchorage loading revisited.

Kartik D Dholakia1

  • 1KD Orthodontics, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. dholakia.kartik@gmail.com

Orthodontics : the Art and Practice of Dentofacial Enhancement
|May 9, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Friction during orthodontic tooth movement increases anchorage loading in all spatial planes. Traditional models fail to account for clinical complexities, necessitating a revised understanding of friction

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Dental Mechanics

Background:

  • Sliding mechanics in orthodontics posits that friction is an unavoidable consequence of tooth movement along archwires.
  • Overcoming frictional resistance necessitates additional force, increasing anchorage loading during procedures like canine retraction or en masse anterior retraction.
  • Existing friction models, often based on finite element analysis, lack clinical relevance and fail to capture the complexities of the oral environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reinforce the clinical understanding that friction significantly increases anchorage loading across all three planes of space.
  • To highlight the limitations of traditional static or dynamic friction models in accurately assessing clinical anchorage load.
  • To introduce a new perspective on factors influencing friction and anchorage loading beyond contemporary biomechanical concepts.

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Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Flexible Connectors for Use in Insulated Concrete Wall Panels

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors
06:21

Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors

Published on: April 10, 2018

Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Flexible Connectors for Use in Insulated Concrete Wall Panels
05:26

Determination of the Mechanical Properties of Flexible Connectors for Use in Insulated Concrete Wall Panels

Published on: October 19, 2022

Main Methods:

  • This article does not present new experimental data but critically reviews existing concepts and clinical observations.
  • It emphasizes the quasistatic nature of clinical tooth movement, contrasting it with simplified static or dynamic models.
  • The discussion incorporates the influence of anatomical resistance units and complex muscular force systems in the clinical scenario.

Main Results:

  • Clinically, friction demonstrably increases anchorage loading in all three spatial dimensions (sagittal, vertical, and transverse).
  • Conventional methods for quantifying friction's effect on anchorage load are inadequate for complex clinical situations.
  • The study underscores the inadequacy of current models in explaining the full impact of friction on anchorage.

Conclusions:

  • Friction is a critical factor that elevates anchorage loading during orthodontic treatment, impacting treatment efficiency and stability.
  • A paradigm shift is needed to incorporate the quasistatic nature of tooth movement and multifactorial clinical influences into friction and anchorage analysis.
  • Further research should explore additional factors influencing friction and anchorage loading that are not addressed by current theories.