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Malaria in Nigeria: a revisit.

L A Salako1, F O Ajayi, A Sowunmi

  • 1Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology
|October 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia is common in Nigerian school-children, with higher rates in rural areas. Chloroquine treatment did not prevent re-infection in either asymptomatic or symptomatic individuals.

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CHOLERA EPIDEMIOLOGY IN ZAMBIA FROM 2000 TO 2010: IMPLICATIONS FOR IMPROVING CHOLERA PREVENTION AND CONTROL STRATEGIES IN THE COUNTRY.

East African medical journal·2016

Area of Science:

  • * Tropical Medicine
  • * Parasitology
  • * Epidemiology

Background:

  • * Malaria remains a significant public health issue, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • * Asymptomatic parasitaemia plays a crucial role in malaria transmission dynamics.
  • * Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of asymptomatic malaria in school-aged children is vital for effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the frequency and seasonal patterns of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia in rural and urban Nigerian school-children.
  • * To compare parasite density in asymptomatic carriers versus acutely ill malaria patients.
  • * To assess the impact of mass chloroquine treatment on re-infection rates.

Main Methods:

  • * Cross-sectional study involving school-children aged six to 12 years in southwestern Nigeria (January 1987 - October 1988).
  • * Microscopic examination of blood smears to detect malaria parasites and determine parasite density.
  • * Clinical diagnosis of malaria and parasitological confirmation.
  • * Evaluation of re-infection rates following mass chloroquine treatment.

Main Results:

  • * Asymptomatic parasitaemia was prevalent year-round in rural children, peaking during the wet season, and less frequent in urban children.
  • * A significant proportion of asymptomatic children (42%) had low parasite density (≤1000/µL), while acutely ill patients showed higher parasite densities.
  • * Mass chloroquine treatment resulted in similar re-infection rates in both previously asymptomatic and symptomatic groups, indicating parasite sensitivity but not sustained protection.

Conclusions:

  • * Asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia is a significant reservoir for malaria transmission in Nigerian school-children.
  • * Higher parasite densities are more common in symptomatic malaria cases compared to asymptomatic carriers.
  • * Chloroquine prophylaxis alone is insufficient for long-term malaria control due to rapid re-infection rates.

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