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Related Concept Videos

Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
The Mammary Glands01:12

The Mammary Glands

The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...
Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...
Signs of Puberty01:27

Signs of Puberty

Puberty is a critical phase, typically beginning between the ages of 8 and 13 in girls and 9 and 14 in boys, though timing can vary based on genetics, environmental factors, and overall health. This period is characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics and the attainment of reproductive potential. Endocrine changes underpin puberty, with hormonal surges of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) instigated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System01:16

Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
09:36

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

Published on: October 16, 2010

[Gynecomastia].

Robert Krysiak1, Bogusław Okopień

  • 1Slaski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach, Klinika Chorób Wewnetrznych i Farmakologii Klinicznej Katedry Farmakologii. r.krysiak@interia.pl

Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski : Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
|May 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Gynecomastia, a common condition in men caused by hormonal imbalance, involves benign male breast enlargement. Diagnosis relies on history and exam, with targeted tests and varied treatments from observation to surgery.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Men's Health
  • General Surgery

Context:

  • Gynecomastia affects 30-50% of men, stemming from hormonal imbalances impacting breast tissue.
  • It can be physiological during certain life stages or secondary to other medical conditions.

Purpose:

  • To review the etiopathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and treatment strategies for gynecomastia.
  • To highlight recent research findings on male breast enlargement.

Summary:

  • Gynecomastia is a benign proliferation of glandular tissue in male breasts due to hormonal imbalance.
  • Diagnosis involves thorough history, physical examination, and selective biochemical or imaging tests.
  • Treatment options are diverse, including observation, drug withdrawal, underlying disease management, pharmacotherapy, surgery, or radiotherapy.

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Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Published on: May 17, 2024

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats
09:36

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Published on: October 16, 2010

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
13:35

Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

Published on: May 17, 2024

Impact:

  • Provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing gynecomastia.
  • Emphasizes the importance of accurate diagnosis to guide appropriate treatment selection.
  • Offers insights into the latest advancements in understanding and treating this common condition.