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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
04:48

Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

Published on: January 7, 2015

Cancer- and chemotherapy-induced anemia.

George M Rodgers, Pamela Sue Becker, Morey Blinder

    Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN
    |May 10, 2012
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Anemia affects many cancer patients. Updated NCCN Guidelines now emphasize individualized treatment for cancer- and chemotherapy-induced anemia, considering patient condition and recent safety data on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs).

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 22, 2026

    Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment
    04:48

    Chemotherapy-induced Vascular Toxicity - Real-time In vivo Imaging of Vessel Impairment

    Published on: January 7, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Hematology
    • Clinical Practice Guidelines

    Background:

    • Anemia is a common complication in cancer patients, affecting 30% to 90% of individuals.
    • Treatment options include addressing the underlying cause or supportive care via red blood cell transfusions or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) with or without iron.
    • Recent safety concerns and FDA label revisions regarding ESAs have altered their clinical perception.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To update the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cancer- and Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia.
    • To provide a framework for evaluating and treating anemia in adult cancer patients, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy.
    • To support individualized anemia treatment decisions by patients and clinicians based on patient-specific factors.

    Main Methods:

    • Review and revision of existing NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines for Cancer- and Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia.
    • Incorporation of recent safety data and regulatory changes concerning ESAs.
    • Development of operational guidance for anemia management in oncology.

    Main Results:

    • Substantial revisions to the NCCN Guidelines for Cancer- and Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia.
    • Emphasis on individualized treatment approaches for anemia in cancer patients.
    • Consideration of updated safety profiles for therapeutic agents.

    Conclusions:

    • The revised NCCN Guidelines offer updated recommendations for managing cancer- and chemotherapy-induced anemia.
    • Individualized patient assessment is crucial for optimizing anemia treatment strategies.
    • These guidelines aim to improve patient outcomes by reflecting current evidence and safety considerations.