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Reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in cutaneous leishmaniasis

Maria Fátima Horta1, Bárbara Pinheiro Mendes, Eric Henrique Roma

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.

Journal of Parasitology Research
|May 10, 2012
PubMed

Insights

This review highlights the critical roles of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and peroxynitrite in controlling Leishmania parasites, particularly by macrophages and neutrophils early in infection.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Parasitology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a global health concern affecting millions.
  • Murine models accurately replicate human cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions and pathogenesis.
  • Understanding host resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in controlling Leishmania parasites.
  • To elucidate the function of macrophages and neutrophils in early host defense.
  • To emphasize the impact of these innate immune cells before adaptive T-cell responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on cutaneous leishmaniasis pathogenesis and host resistance.
  • Analysis of the roles of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)).
  • Focus on the functions of macrophages and neutrophils in Leishmania infection models.

Main Results:

  • Macrophages utilize NO, ROS, and ONOO(-) to control Leishmania parasites.
  • Neutrophils contribute reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to combat infection.
  • These innate immune responses are critical in the early stages of infection, preceding adaptive immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Nitric oxide, ROS, and peroxynitrite are key mediators in the innate immune control of Leishmania.
  • Macrophages and neutrophils play pivotal roles in early host defense against cutaneous leishmaniasis.
  • Targeting these early effector mechanisms may offer therapeutic strategies for leishmaniasis.

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