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Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
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Substrate utilization during submaximal exercise in children with a severely obese parent.

Audrey D Eaves1, Ashley Colon, Katrina D Dubose

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, East Carolina University, Greenville, USA. houmardj@ecu.edu.

Nutrition & Metabolism
|May 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Children with a severely obese parent show reduced fatty acid oxidation (FAO) during exercise, suggesting an inherent component of this metabolic defect. However, exercise training may help improve FAO, even in this group.

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic Health
  • Pediatric Obesity
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Severely obese individuals exhibit reduced fatty acid oxidation (FAO).
  • This metabolic impairment appears to have an inherent component, as it persists in cell cultures.
  • Previous research indicated reduced whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO in severely obese adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if children with a severely obese parent also display impaired whole-body fatty acid oxidation (FAO).
  • To determine if parental obesity is associated with reduced FAO in offspring during exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Compared substrate utilization during submaximal exercise in children (8-12 years) with a severely obese parent (OP) versus those with two lean parents (LP).
  • Measured respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and calculated percentage of energy from FAO during cycle ergometer exercise.
  • Assessed the impact of a 4-week exercise training intervention on substrate utilization in a subgroup of participants.

Main Results:

  • Children with a severely obese parent (OP) had a significantly lower reliance on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) for energy production at a lower exercise intensity (15W) compared to lean parent (LP) children.
  • No significant differences in substrate utilization were observed between groups at higher exercise intensities (~65% VO2peak).
  • Exercise training tended to decrease RER at 15W, indicating an increased reliance on FAO, irrespective of parental obesity status.

Conclusions:

  • A decrement in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) associated with severe obesity may have an inherent component, observable even in children of obese parents.
  • Exercise training appears to be a viable strategy to potentially overcome or improve this inherent FAO deficit.
  • Findings highlight the role of parental obesity in offspring metabolic health and the potential benefits of physical activity interventions.