Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
Chemotaxis in E. coli01:27

Chemotaxis in E. coli

Chemotaxis in Escherichia coli is a sensory-driven motility mechanism that enables bacteria to navigate chemical gradients, moving toward beneficial environments while avoiding harmful conditions. This process relies on a signal transduction system integrating external chemical cues with flagellar motor control.Chemoreceptors and Signal DetectionE. coli detects chemical gradients through methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs), which are membrane-bound chemoreceptors that sense attractants...
Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System01:08

Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System

A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
Lipid-soluble hormones, such as steroid hormones, demonstrate an intracellular action. These hormones traverse cell membranes due to their lipid nature. Once inside the target cell, they...
Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation II: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Single versus dual EGFR/PARP inhibition: Mechanistic rationale, synthetic approaches, pharmacophoric features, structure-activity relationships, and therapeutic perspectives.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Beyond PARP-HDAC inhibition: mechanistic rationale and medicinal chemistry insights from single to shared-target strategies.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

InhibitWin duo: Rational design and structural insights into dual PARP/HDAC inhibitors for synergistic DNA repair disruption and epigenetic modulation.

European journal of medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Identification of Benzenesulfonamide-Containing Thiazolidine-2,4-Dione Derivatives as Novel Carbonic Anhydrase II and VII Inhibitors with Anti-Epileptic Activity.

Journal of medicinal chemistry·2025
Same author

Clinicopathological analysis of GLUT-1, GLS1, and GLS2 expression in breast cancer tissues from Jordanian patients.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Metformin and glioma: Targeting metabolic dysregulation for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

Translational oncology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System
10:25

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Published on: September 20, 2019

A beginner's guide to chemokines.

Victoria Vinader1, Kamyar Afarinkia

  • 1Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Tumbling Hill Street, Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.

Future Medicinal Chemistry
|May 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This paper explains chemokines, a group of small proteins that help immune cells move to where they are needed in the body. The authors summarize their structure, how they are classified, and their role in immune signaling. The paper is intended for readers who are new to the field and need a clear introduction to chemokines and their functions. It does not present new research but compiles existing knowledge into an accessible format. The authors emphasize the importance of chemokine-receptor interactions in immune responses. They also clarify the naming conventions used in chemokine research. The paper concludes that chemokines are a vital part of immune system function and recommends this review as a starting point for further study.

Keywords:
chemokine biologyimmune signalingchemokine receptorsimmune cell migration

Frequently Asked Questions

More Related Videos

Rapid and Robust Analysis of Cellular and Molecular Polarization Induced by Chemokine Signaling
10:03

Rapid and Robust Analysis of Cellular and Molecular Polarization Induced by Chemokine Signaling

Published on: December 12, 2014

Time-lapse Imaging of Mouse Macrophage Chemotaxis
09:33

Time-lapse Imaging of Mouse Macrophage Chemotaxis

Published on: April 2, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System
10:25

Assessment of Lymphocyte Migration in an Ex Vivo Transmigration System

Published on: September 20, 2019

Rapid and Robust Analysis of Cellular and Molecular Polarization Induced by Chemokine Signaling
10:03

Rapid and Robust Analysis of Cellular and Molecular Polarization Induced by Chemokine Signaling

Published on: December 12, 2014

Time-lapse Imaging of Mouse Macrophage Chemotaxis
09:33

Time-lapse Imaging of Mouse Macrophage Chemotaxis

Published on: April 2, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell signaling pathways
  • Molecular biology

Background:

Chemokines are a family of small signaling proteins that play a central role in immune responses. Prior research has shown that these molecules guide the migration of immune cells to sites of infection or inflammation. However, the complexity of chemokine nomenclature and receptor interactions remains a challenge for newcomers to the field. This gap motivated the creation of a structured overview to clarify chemokine biology. No prior work had resolved the need for a concise reference that explains the general features and functions of chemokines. Understanding chemokine structure and signaling is essential for interpreting immune system dynamics. The diversity of chemokine subfamilies and their receptors complicates the learning process for new researchers. This paper aims to simplify access to foundational knowledge about chemokines and their roles in biological processes.

Purpose Of The Study:

The goal of this paper is to introduce chemokines and their receptors to a broad audience. It focuses on summarizing general characteristics and functions of chemokines. The authors aim to clarify the naming conventions and classification systems used in chemokine research. This effort addresses the lack of accessible introductory resources in the field. By providing a structured overview, the paper supports researchers who are new to immunology. The review is designed to help readers understand the biological roles of chemokines. It also serves as a reference for key facts about chemokine biology. This approach ensures that readers can quickly grasp the significance of chemokines in immune signaling.

Main Methods:

The authors conducted a literature review to compile information on chemokine structure and function. They focused on summarizing general features and receptor interactions. The review includes a breakdown of chemokine subfamilies and their naming conventions. The approach emphasizes clarity and accessibility for new learners in the field. The authors organized the information into a structured format for easy reference. They included a summary of chemokine properties and their roles in biological processes. The review does not introduce new experimental data but synthesizes existing knowledge. The content is framed to serve as a starting point for further study in chemokine biology.

Main Results:

The review outlines the general structure of chemokines, including their small size and signaling function. It explains the four main subfamilies of chemokines based on cysteine spacing. The paper describes how chemokines bind to G-protein-coupled receptors on immune cells. It highlights the role of chemokines in directing immune cell migration. The review notes that chemokines are classified based on conserved cysteine residues. The authors summarize the importance of chemokine-receptor interactions in immune responses. They emphasize that chemokines are essential for immune cell trafficking. The paper concludes that chemokines are a key component of immune signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

The authors synthesize existing knowledge to clarify chemokine biology for new researchers. They emphasize the importance of chemokines in immune cell migration and signaling. The review highlights the need for a standardized understanding of chemokine nomenclature. The authors propose that chemokine classification systems should be clearly explained. They suggest that chemokine-receptor interactions are central to immune system function. The paper concludes that chemokines are a vital part of immune signaling pathways. The authors recommend this review as a reference for those entering the field. They propose that further study should focus on chemokine signaling mechanisms.

Chemokines guide immune cells to sites of infection or inflammation by signaling through receptors on cell surfaces.

Chemokines are grouped into four subfamilies based on the spacing of conserved cysteine residues in their structure.

The naming system reflects structural and functional differences, making it challenging for newcomers to interpret.

Chemokine receptors on immune cells bind to chemokines, triggering signaling pathways that direct cell migration.

Yes, chemokines are active in both innate and adaptive immune responses, influencing cell trafficking and immune signaling.

The authors propose that this paper serves as a concise reference for understanding chemokine biology and functions.