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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

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Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
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Mortality from tuberculosis in Spain, 1971 to 2007: slow decrease in female and in elderly patients.

Javier Llorca1, Trinidad Dierssen-Sotos, Beatriz Arbaizar

  • 1Group of Epidemiology and Computational Biology, University of Cantabria and CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) Spain, IFIMAV, Santander, Spain. llorcaj@unican.es

Annals of Epidemiology
|May 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis mortality in Spain is decreasing, but faster in men and younger individuals. Further research is needed to understand these differing tuberculosis trends.

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Published on: August 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Tuberculosis Research

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) mortality in Spain exceeds that of comparable developed nations.
  • Understanding temporal trends in TB mortality is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze temporal trends in tuberculosis mortality in Spain between 1971 and 2007.
  • To identify changes in mortality rates by age and sex.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Spanish National Institute for Statistics.
  • Calculated age- and sex-specific and age-adjusted mortality rates.
  • Employed joinpoint regression to detect trend changes and quantify annual percentage changes.

Main Results:

  • Age-adjusted TB mortality decreased annually: 10.3% (men until 1984), 7.3% (men thereafter); 10.4% (women until 1987), 5.1% (women thereafter).
  • Mortality rates declined by 10% annually in individuals under 65.
  • For those 65 and older, the rate of decrease slowed with increasing age.

Conclusions:

  • Tuberculosis mortality shows a faster decline in men compared to women.
  • Younger adults experience a more rapid decrease in TB mortality than the elderly.
  • Investigating the underlying reasons for these demographic disparities in TB mortality trends is recommended.