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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood
07:35

Generation of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells from Whole Blood

Published on: December 24, 2016

Lipopolysaccharide-sensitive H+ current in dendritic cells.

Kalina Szteyn1, Wenting Yang, Evi Schmid

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Germany.

American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology
|May 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals voltage-gated proton (Hv1) channels in dendritic cells (DCs). Acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure enhances Hv1 channel activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while chronic LPS inhibits them.

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Published on: April 18, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial antigen-presenting cells that mature upon Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
  • DC maturation involves initial increases in antigen endocytosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mediated by NADPH oxidase (NOX2), followed by reduced endocytic capacity.
  • NOX2 activity necessitates continuous pH and charge compensation, suggesting a role for ion channels.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional expression and role of voltage-gated proton (Hv1) channels in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs).
  • To determine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on Hv1 channel activity and its relationship with ROS production during DC maturation.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to record ion channel currents in DCs.
  • Zinc ions (Zn2+) were employed to identify proton-selective currents.
  • Reversal potential shifts were analyzed to confirm H+ selectivity.
  • Electron current measurements assessed NADPH oxidase (NOX2) activity.
  • Pharmacological inhibitors, including a PKC inhibitor (GFX), were used.

Main Results:

  • Functional voltage-gated proton (Hv1) channels were identified in mouse bone marrow-derived DCs.
  • These channels exhibited Zn2+-sensitive, outwardly rectifying currents highly selective for H+.
  • Acute LPS treatment transiently increased Hv1 channel activity and NOX2 activity, correlating with enhanced ROS production.
  • Chronic LPS incubation (24 h) significantly inhibited Hv1 currents and reduced ROS production.
  • PKC inhibition abolished the acute LPS-induced activation of H+ currents.

Conclusions:

  • Voltage-gated proton (Hv1) channels are functionally expressed in DCs and play a role in regulating ROS production during LPS-induced maturation.
  • Acute LPS stimulation enhances Hv1 channel activity, supporting NOX2 function and ROS generation.
  • Chronic LPS exposure leads to inhibition of Hv1 channels, contributing to the downregulation of ROS production in mature DCs.