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A comparative assessment of torque generated by lingual and conventional brackets
Iosif Sifakakis1, Nikolaos Pandis, Margarita Makou
1Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
European Journal of Orthodontics
|May 11, 2012
Summary
Lingual brackets, particularly Incognito and STb, generated higher labiopalatal moments than conventional brackets. Self-ligating lingual brackets showed the lowest torque expression in this orthodontic bracket comparison.
Area of Science:
- Orthodontics
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Mechanics
Background:
- Bracket type significantly influences the delivery of orthodontic forces and moments.
- Lingual orthodontics offers aesthetic advantages but requires precise control of force systems.
- Understanding labiopalatal moment generation is crucial for predictable treatment outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the labiopalatal moments generated by different types of lingual and conventional orthodontic brackets.
- To evaluate the torque expression and moment/torque ratio of various bracket systems under controlled activation.
Main Methods:
- Four bracket types (Incognito, STb, In-Ovation L lingual; Gemini conventional) were tested on acrylic models.
- The orthodontic measurement and simulation system was used with TMA wires to apply buccal and palatal root torque.
- Moments in the sagittal plane were recorded during bracket rotations, with statistical analysis performed using ANOVA and Tukey's test.
Main Results:
- Incognito and STb lingual brackets generated the highest maximum moments (approx. 8.8 Nmm and 8.2 Nmm, respectively).
- In-Ovation L lingual and Gemini conventional brackets produced lower moments (approx. 5.8 Nmm and 7.1 Nmm, respectively).
- Statistically significant differences in moments were observed between most bracket types, except between Incognito and STb.
Conclusions:
- Incognito and STb lingual brackets demonstrate superior moment generation capabilities compared to In-Ovation L and conventional Gemini brackets.
- Self-ligating lingual brackets exhibited the lowest torque expression, indicating potential differences in force control.
- Bracket design plays a critical role in determining the magnitude of labiopalatal moments in orthodontic treatment.
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