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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Overview01:06

Sampling Methods: Overview

A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
In analytical chemistry, the choice of sampling...
Censoring Survival Data01:09

Censoring Survival Data

Survival analysis is a statistical method used to analyze time-to-event data, often employed in fields such as medicine, engineering, and social sciences. One of the key challenges in survival analysis is dealing with incomplete data, a phenomenon known as "censoring." Censoring occurs when the event of interest (such as death, relapse, or system failure) has not occurred for some individuals by the end of the study period or is otherwise unobservable, and it might have many different reasons...
Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
Sampling Distribution01:12

Sampling Distribution

Given simple random samples of size n from a given population with a measured characteristic such as mean, proportion, or standard deviation for each sample, the probability distribution of all the measured characteristics is called a sampling distribution. How much the statistic varies from one sample to another is known as the sampling variability of a statistic. You typically measure the sampling variability of a statistic by its standard error. The standard error of the mean is an example...
Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error01:10

Propagation of Uncertainty from Systematic Error

The atomic mass of an element varies due to the relative ratio of its isotopes. A sample's relative proportion of oxygen isotopes influences its average atomic mass. For instance, if we were to measure the atomic mass of oxygen from a sample, the mass would be a weighted average of the isotopic masses of oxygen in that sample. Since a single sample is not likely to perfectly reflect the true atomic mass of oxygen for all the molecules of oxygen on Earth, the mass we obtain from this particular...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Networked estimation for event-based sampling systems with packet dropouts.

Vinh Hao Nguyen1, Young Soo Suh

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Namgu, Ulsan 680-749, Korea; E-Mail: vinhhao@hcmut.edu.vn (V.H.N.).

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new modified send-on-delta (SOD) sampling method improves networked estimation by transmitting data when thresholds are met or time intervals elapse. This enhances performance, especially during packet dropouts, outperforming traditional SOD methods.

Keywords:
Networked estimationevent-based samplingpacket dropoutsend-on-delta

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Control Systems Engineering
  • Networked Systems
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Event-based sampling, such as send-on-delta (SOD), offers bandwidth efficiency over time-triggered systems.
  • Traditional SOD lacks mechanisms to detect packet dropouts due to the absence of periodic timestamps.
  • Networked estimation relies on accurate data transmission, which is vulnerable to packet loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the packet dropout detection limitation in event-based sampling systems.
  • To propose a novel modified send-on-delta (SOD) sampling scheme for networked estimation.
  • To enhance the robustness and performance of estimation in the presence of network uncertainties.

Main Methods:

  • Introduced a modified SOD (mSOD) sampling scheme incorporating both data change thresholds and time-based triggers.
  • Implemented and simulated the mSOD scheme within a networked estimation framework.
  • Compared the estimation performance of mSOD against traditional SOD under simulated packet dropout conditions.

Main Results:

  • The modified SOD scheme effectively detects and mitigates the impact of packet dropouts.
  • Simulation results demonstrate significantly improved estimation accuracy with mSOD compared to standard SOD during packet loss.
  • The proposed mSOD balances data transmission efficiency with enhanced reliability.

Conclusions:

  • The modified SOD sampling scheme is a viable solution for improving networked estimation reliability under packet dropouts.
  • This approach offers a practical enhancement for event-based sensing systems operating in lossy networks.
  • Further research can explore adaptive thresholding and different network conditions for mSOD.